Capital

Use Capital to MAKE MONEY, to increase productive powers.
That is the usefulness of Knowledge.
All knowledge is to help to make me rich
Section 1: Two factor of a commodity : Use value and value (Substance of Value and Magnitude of Value )
A commodity is an object outside us by its properties satisfies human wants

Every useful thing, as iron , paper may be looked at from the 2 points of view of quality and quantity.

The utility of an object makes it a use value. Being limited by the physical properties of the commodity , it has no existence apart from that commodity. A commodity is so fas as it is a material thing , a use value, something useful.
This use value is independent of the required labour.
When treating use of value we assume is with a definite quantities.
Use values become a reality only by use or consumption.
They constitue the substance of all wealth whatever is the social form of that wealth.
They are depositories of exchange value.
Exchange value presents itself as a quantitative relation.
a relation constantly changing with time and place.
It is relative, accidental.
Exchange is: something equal and only a mode of EXPRESSION of something in it however, distinguishable from it.
Equal so it must all be reducible to the third.
One use value is just as good as another provide it be present in sufficient quantity.
As use value they are above all is of different qualities but as exchange values they are merely different quantities, do not contain an atom of use value.
Leave out of consideration use value, only one property left: product of labour.
Put aside useful characters of various kind of labour, reduce to human labor in abstract, homogenous.
Exchange value is the only way the value of the commodity can manifest or express itself.

Quantity of labour is measured by time, duration.
Total labor power of society.
The labor time socially necessary.
Labor power is increased then the value of product is reduced if we do not apply the new technology. The role of technology is critical.

Value remain constant if labour time required remains constant.
Fair value is still an issue.
A thing can be a use value without having value, whenever its utility to man is not due to labor.
A thing can be useful, product of human labor without being a commodity. Whoever produce for his own use does not create commodities. Must be transfered to others for usevalue in form of exchange.
Nothing can have value without an object of utility. If thing is useless, so is the labor in it, the labor is not labor so creates no value.

Section 2: The twofold character of labor embodied in commodities.